Wikipedia:WikiProject Poetry
This is a WikiProject, an area for focused collaboration among Wikipedians. New participants are welcome; please feel free to participate!
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Shortcut | WP:POETRY |
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Categories | WikiProject Poetry articles, Poetry |
Portals | Poetry Literature |
Parent project(s) | Literature |
Project banner template | {{WPPoetry}} |
Helps organise child projects? | No |
Has goals? | Yes |
Welcome to the Poetry WikiProject! To start exploring poetry on Wikipedia, visit the main poetry page. For information on creating poetry-related articles, please read on.
For poetry-related deletion discussions, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Poetry.
About the project
[edit]
Scope and objectives[edit]The primary objective of WikiProject Poetry is to provide comprehensive, accurate, reliable information, and other resources on poetry, poets, and various subjects related to poetry. These topics include biographies of individual poets, works of poetry, national poetries, poetry movements and groups, poetic genres, forms, styles, and techniques. We accomplish this objective through the creation and improvement of articles, lists, and other resources that aim to provide Wikipedia's reader with well-written, adequately sourced historical information, analysis, and interpretation of topics relevant to poetry and the appreciation of poetry. Articles on these subjects should be categorized in the Category:Poetry or one of its subcategories, and the WikiProject banner placed on the article's talk page. Tasks[edit]
Please nominate current activities on the talk page. |
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Article alerts
[edit]Articles for deletion
- 09 Nov 2024 – Aniqah Choudhri (talk · edit · hist) was AfDed by Ktkvtsh (t · c); see discussion (3 participants)
- 28 Oct 2024 – Julie Breathnach-Banwait (talk · edit · hist) was AfDed by LibStar (t · c); see discussion (8 participants; relisted)
- 17 Oct 2024 – Priyamvad (talk · edit · hist) AfDed by Ratekreel (t · c) was closed as no consensus by Asilvering (t · c) on 07 Nov 2024; see discussion (4 participants; relisted)
Redirects for discussion
- 27 Oct 2024 – Plaisir d'amour ne dure qu'un moment. Chagrin d'amour dure toute la vie. (talk · edit · hist) →Plaisir d'amour was RfDed by Utopes (t · c); see discussion
Good article nominees
- 13 Oct 2024 – Abdul Ahad Azad (talk · edit · hist) was GA nominated by Ratekreel (t · c); start discussion
Articles to be merged
- 29 Oct 2024 – Les Wicks (talk · edit · hist) is proposed for merging to Meuse Press by Lizthegrey (t · c); see discussion
- 04 Aug 2024 – Gods in The Odyssey (talk · edit · hist) is proposed for merging to List of Homeric characters by Klbrain (t · c); see discussion
Articles to be split
- 13 Nov 2024 – List of poetry collections (talk · edit · hist) is proposed for splitting by Bagoto (t · c); see discussion
Articles for creation
- 13 Nov 2024 – Draft:Maya Salameh (talk · edit · hist) has been submitted for AfC by Mayasal (t · c)
- 11 Nov 2024 – Draft:James Dokhuma (talk · edit · hist) has been submitted for AfC by Mmis325 (t · c)
- 31 Oct 2024 – Draft:Paul S. Flores (talk · edit · hist) has been submitted for AfC by Bliss.Rios (t · c)
- 24 Oct 2024 – Draft:Muhammad Usman Memon (talk · edit · hist) has been submitted for AfC by Memonihsan110 (t · c)
- 23 Sep 2024 – Draft:Phil Kawana (talk · edit · hist) has been submitted for AfC by Qwerfjkl (bot) (t · c)
- 29 Oct 2024 – Draft:Masashi Daidōji (talk · edit · hist) submitted for AfC by Birdcircle (t · c) was declined by CFA (t · c) on 10 Nov 2024
- 28 Oct 2024 – Draft:Abdul Razzak Abdul Wahid (talk · edit · hist) submitted for AfC by Mohammed Qays (t · c) was declined by Mims Mentor (t · c) on 13 Nov 2024
- 25 Sep 2024 – Draft:Lynne Thompson (talk · edit · hist) submitted for AfC by Coriolisc (t · c) was moved to Lynne Thompson (talk · edit · hist) by Timtrent (t · c) on 07 Nov 2024
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Recognized content
[edit]This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged or categorized (e.g. Category:WikiProject Poetry articles) correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options. |
Featured articles
[edit]- Lazarus Aaronson
- Chinua Achebe
- Eliza Acton
- Maya Angelou
- Astronomica (Manilius)
- Brothers Poem
- Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi
- Corinna
- Stephen Crane
- Emily Dickinson
- Du Fu
- Fuzuli (poet)
- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
- Rufus Wilmot Griswold
- H.D.
- Amir Hamzah
- Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
- Homeric Hymns
- Imagism
- Samuel Johnson
- James Joyce
- James Russell Lowell
- The Lucy poems
- Olivia Manning
- Murasaki Shikibu
- O Captain! My Captain!
- Ode on a Grecian Urn
- Ode on Indolence
- Philitas of Cos
- Harold Pinter
- Edgar Allan Poe
- Poetry of Maya Angelou
- Ezra Pound
- Adelaide Anne Procter
- Proserpine (play)
- Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo
- The Raven
- Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari
- William Shakespeare
- Song of Innocence
- John Millington Synge
- This Dust Was Once the Man
- To Autumn
- Ulysses (poem)
- Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln
- Nathaniel Parker Willis
- W. B. Yeats
Featured lists
[edit]Good articles
[edit]- The Absent-Minded Beggar
- Abu Firas al-Hamdani
- Aetia (Callimachus)
- Agrippa (A Book of the Dead)
- Anna Akhmatova
- Al Aaraaf
- All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace
- Julia Alvarez
- And Still I Rise
- Victor Henry Anderson
- Annales (Ennius)
- Ariwara no Narihira
- As I was going by Charing Cross
- Athir al-Din Akhsikati
- W. H. Auden
- Sri Aurobindo
- Azar Bigdeli
- Baa, Baa, Black Sheep
- Rabia Balkhi
- Abu Sulayman Banakati
- Baseball's Sad Lexicon
- Battle of Brunanburh (poem)
- Beachy Head (poem)
- Beowulf
- Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics
- Betelguese, a Trip Through Hell
- Ann Eliza Bleecker
- Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești
- The Botanic Garden
- Buah Rindu
- Burnt Norton
- CIL 4.5296
- Callimachus
- James Edwin Campbell (poet)
- Mateiu Caragiale
- Catalogue of Women
- Hector Munro Chadwick
- Katherine Garrison Chapin
- Eric Chappelow
- Chen Xiaocui
- Thomas Holley Chivers
- Cho Ki-chon
- Christian interpretations of Virgil's Eclogue 4
- Come Up from the Fields Father
- Commonitorium (Orientius)
- Conversation poems
- Ina Coolbrith
- Marshall S. Cornwell
- Eusebia Cosme
- Danny Deever
- Der Rosendorn
- Dox (poet)
- The Dry Salvages
- East Coker (poem)
- Klaus Ebner
- Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
- Elizabeth F. Ellet
- The Eolian Harp
- Epodes (Horace)
- Eureka: A Prose Poem
- Fears in Solitude
- First circle of hell
- Abdullahi dan Fodio
- Four Quartets
- The Fox, the Wolf and the Husbandman
- Frithegod
- Frost at Midnight
- Fu (poetry)
- Funeral Blues
- Y Gododdin
- Abraham Goldfaden
- The Good-Morrow
- Paul Goodman
- Dennis Howard Green
- Green Knight
- Guillaume de Dole
- Habibi (poet)
- Johann Peter Hebel
- The Hill We Climb
- Lee M. Hollander
- Hush'd Be the Camps To-Day
- Hymns for the Amusement of Children
- I Shall Not Be Moved (poetry collection)
- I syng of a mayden
- William Blake's illustrations of On the Morning of Christ's Nativity
- In Flanders Fields
- In Praise of Limestone
- Constantin Al. Ionescu-Caion
- Fakhr al-Din Iraqi
- Jack and Jill
- Jans der Enikel
- Joan of Arc (poem)
- John Keats's 1819 odes
- Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie
- Jørgensen's law
- Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
- Khosrovidukht
- Joyce Kilmer
- Kishvari
- Jan Kochanowski
- Zygmunt Krasiński
- The Lamb (Tavener)
- Philip Larkin
- Last Post (poem)
- Li He
- Little Gidding (poem)
- Little Orphant Annie
- London Bridge Is Falling Down
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
- Al-Ma'arri
- Sorley MacLean
- Madoc (poem)
- The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late
- Mandalay (poem)
- Mariana (poem)
- Prince Marko
- Matsuo Bashō
- Matthew, Mark, Luke and John
- Adam Mickiewicz
- Midas (Shelley play)
- Midnight poem
- Hamdallah Mustawfi
- Mounseer Nongtongpaw
- Luis Muñoz Rivera
- Imadaddin Nasimi
- Kazi Nazrul Islam
- Cyprian Norwid
- Nyanyi Sunyi
- Daniel O'Connell (journalist)
- Ode to a Nightingale
- Ode to Psyche
- Odyssey
- Oh Pray My Wings Are Gonna Fit Me Well
- The Old French Tristan Poems
- Magnus Olsen
- Omkring tiggarn från Luossa
- On the Pulse of Morning
- Sophia Parnok
- Philomela
- Sylvia Plath
- Henry Poe
- Poems and Songs of Middle Earth
- Poet Laureate of New Jersey
- Prise d'Orange
- Abdollah Mirza Qajar
- Rambhadracharya
- Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement
- Reginald of Canterbury
- Richmond Park
- James Whitcomb Riley
- Salma (writer)
- Sappho 2
- Sappho 16
- Sappho 94
- Sappho
- Sayf ol-Dowleh
- Second circle of hell
- Sept haï-kaïs
- Sestina
- Shaker, Why Don't You Sing?
- Falaki Shirvani
- Angelus Silesius
- Juliusz Słowacki
- Christopher Smart
- Patti Smith
- So God Made a Farmer
- Songs of Experience (David Axelrod album)
- Songs of Innocence and Experience (Allen Ginsberg album)
- Sonnet 18
- Sonnet 86
- Sonnet 102
- The Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall of the Niblungs
- Jacquie Sturm
- Sulpicia (satirist)
- Humam-i Tabrizi
- Tamerlane and Other Poems
- Thalaba the Destroyer
- The Parson's Tale
- Thebaid (Latin poem)
- Third circle of hell
- Dylan Thomas
- Three Bards
- Edwin Thumboo
- Tithonus poem
- The Tolkien Ensemble
- Tornada (Occitan literary term)
- Translating Beowulf
- Trees (poem)
- Tulsidas
- Martin Farquhar Tupper
- Gabriel Turville-Petre
- Types of Women
- Tristan Tzara
- A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
- Doreen Valiente
- Mirza Shafi Vazeh
- Jones Very
- Villanelle
- A Vision of the Last Judgement
- The Waste Land
- When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd
- Whitey on the Moon
- Walt Whitman
- Oscar Wilde
- Jane Williams
- Han Wo
- Yu Wuling
- Yusuf Meddah
- Zhang Hu (poet)
- Zhou Bangyan
Did you know? articles
[edit]- A Lume Spento
- Arthur Talmage Abernethy
- The Aboriginal Mother
- The Absent-Minded Beggar
- Abu Firas al-Hamdani
- Todros ben Judah Halevi Abulafia
- Acallam na Senórach
- Felix Aderca
- Adynaton
- Aetia (Callimachus)
- Ahania
- Ain't Burned All the Bright
- Kaijin Akashi
- Aku (poem)
- Rabab Al-Kadhimi
- Magaly Alabau
- Alipashiad
- L'Allegro
- Alligator Pie
- Martin Allwood
- Ivy Alvarez
- Amar Asha
- America, Why I Love Her
- America a Prophecy
- An Anthology of Verse by American Negroes
- Ananda Thuriya
- And Still I Rise
- List of Maya Angelou works
- Ludovic Antal
- Lindita Arapi
- Nezihe Araz
- Ariwara no Narihira
- Red Jordan Arobateau
- List of awards and honors received by John Ashbery
- Atma Siddhi
- John Audelay
- Abdul Ahad Azad
- Babi Yar in poetry
- Anton Bacalbașa
- Bacchus and Ariadne (poem)
- Ștefan Baciu
- Anatol E. Baconsky
- Kate Baer
- Rabia Balkhi
- Ballad
- The Ballad of Molly Mogg
- The Ballad of the "Clampherdown"
- Bao Zhao
- Baseball's Sad Lexicon
- Battle of Brunanburh (poem)
- Miquel Bauçà
- Baudouin de Sebourc
- Beachy Head (poem)
- Gentile de' Becchi
- Orelia Key Bell
- Girolamo Benivieni
- Jacqueline Berger
- Howard W. Bergerson
- Betelguese, a Trip Through Hell
- Marițica Bibescu
- Becky Birtha
- Bivouac of the Dead
- Mary Elizabeth Blake
- The Blasphemers' Banquet
- Ann Eliza Bleecker
- Blemyomachia
- Blood and the Moon
- Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss
- Barcroft Boake (poet)
- Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești
- Bohemian Embassy
- Robyn Bolam
- The Bold Canadian
- H. Bonciu
- The Book of American Negro Poetry
- The Book of Urizen
- The Book of Ahania
- The Book of Los
- Boston Hymn
- The Botanic Garden
- Bovo-Bukh
- Einar Bragi
- Break, Break, Break
- William Edward Frank Britten
- The Bronze Horseman (poem)
- Arthur Brooke (poet)
- Buah Rindu
- August Buchner
- Burnt Norton
- Der Busant
- Bush ballad
- Ion Buzdugan
- Early life of Lord Byron
- May Byron
- Dolores Cabrera y Heredia
- Alberto Caeiro
- The Calendar of Nature
- Callimachus
- Caloian
- Barbara May Cameron
- James Edwin Campbell (poet)
- Juliet H. Lewis Campbell
- Cançó de Santa Fe
- Candidate for a Pullet Surprise
- Luca Caragiale
- Carmen (verse)
- Caroling Dusk
- Manuel Carpio
- Cathay (poetry collection)
- Vladimir Cavarnali
- Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi
- Cento (poetry)
- Hector Munro Chadwick
- Chanson de toile
- Chen Xiaocui
- Chess (poem)
- Chevrefoil
- A Child's Christmas in Wales
- The Chimeras
- Chivers' Life of Poe
- Thomas Holley Chivers
- Cho Ki-chon
- Chō Kōran
- Chunwang (poem)
- Peggy Pond Church
- Church of St Giles, Stoke Poges
- The Circus Animals' Desertion
- McDonald Clarke
- Mihai Codreanu
- Early life of Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- Colin Clouts Come Home Againe
- Come, O thou Traveller unknown
- The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou
- The Conquered Banner
- Continental prophecies
- Andrieu Contredit d'Arras
- Conversation poems
- Ina Coolbrith
- John Gilbert Cooper
- Marshall S. Cornwell
- Eusebia Cosme
- The Country Without a Post Office
- Crusade cycle
- Mary Doyle Curran
- Curse of Kehama
- Sergiu Dan
- Dancing the Dream
- Danny Deever
- Dante da Maiano
- Darkness (poem)
- Lucretia Maria Davidson
- Daniel Webster Davis
- Denis Davydov
- The Day-Dream
- Philippe de Rémi (died 1265)
- De vetula
- DeCSS haiku
- Dear Lord and Father of Mankind
- Decasyllabic quatrain
- Sir Degrevant
- Dejection: An Ode
- Delphica
- Traian Demetrescu
- Amelia Denis de Icaza
- The Descent of Liberty
- A Description of a City Shower
- A Description of the Morning
- The Deserted House
- The Destiny of Nations
- The Destruction of the Bastile
- Margaret Diesendorf
- Janus Djurhuus
- Berlie Doherty
- Matei Donici
- The dragon (Beowulf)
- The Dry Salvages
- Ferdinand Dugué
- Dui Bigha Jomi
- Eliza Hamilton Dunlop
- Dura Navis
- Durham (poem)
- Dàin do Eimhir
- East Coker (poem)
- Easter Holidays
- Nelle Richmond Eberhart
- Eclogue 4
- Rhian Edwards (poet)
- Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute
- Eilhart von Oberge
- Eyvindur P. Eiríksson
- Fateme Ekhtesari
- Eldorado (poetry collection)
- Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
- Elizabeth F. Ellet
- George Ellis (poet)
- Elogium (literary genre)
- Emperor Shaka the Great
- End Poem
- Enion
- Enitharmon
- The Eolian Harp
- Epic Cycle
- Epodes (Horace)
- An Essay on Criticism
- Estadio Chile (poem)
- Eureka: A Prose Poem
- Europe a Prophecy
- A Fable for Critics
- Edwina Hume Fallis
- Peter Fallon (poet)
- Father Goose: His Book
- Margaretta Faugères
- Fears in Solitude
- The Feast of the Poets
- Fernaig manuscript
- First circle of hell
- Yirgalem Fisseha Mebrahtu
- Five Childhood Lyrics
- Paul Fleming (poet)
- Fleurs de Marécage
- Bonifaciu Florescu
- Jennifer Foerster
- Jean Follain
- Benjamin Fondane
- Louis-Marcelin de Fontanes
- Foss (cat)
- Four Hundred Souls
- Four Quartets
- The Fox, the Wolf and the Husbandman
- France: An Ode
- Fraszki
- Fredmans sånger
- The Free Besieged
- James Dillet Freeman
- The French Revolution (poem)
- Frithegod
- Frost at Midnight
- Fuzuli (poet)
- Cherubina de Gabriak
- The Gaze of the Gorgon
- František Gellner
- Rosemonde Gérard
- Gerontion
- René Ghil
- The Ghost of a Flea
- Alice E. Gillington
- Nikolay Glazkov
- Gondal (fictional country)
- The Good-Morrow
- A Grandchild's Guide to Using Grandpa's Computer
- The Grave (poem)
- The Great Enigma
- Dennis Howard Green
- Green Knight
- Martin Greif (poet)
- Sarah Maria Griffin
- Eleonore von Grothaus
- Guillaume de Dole
- Gulshan-i 'Ishq
- The Gypsies (poem)
- Habibi (poet)
- Gottfried von Hagenau
- Christine Haidegger
- Sharlot Hall
- Peter Hamm
- Amir Hamzah
- Amir Hamzah bibliography
- Hari & Sukhmani
- Harlem (poem)
- Elayne Harrington
- Robert Hass
- Hay and Hell and Booligal
- Hazaj meter
- He Xiangning
- The Heathen Chinee
- Hebrew Melodies
- Pêr-Jakez Helias
- Henriade
- Hermandad Lírica
- Hero and Leander (1819 poem)
- A. de Herz
- Jacob Hiegentlich
- Hissa Hilal
- The Hill We Climb
- The Hilliad
- Hippocrates Prize for Poetry and Medicine
- Abraham Holland
- Lee M. Hollander
- Homeric Hymns
- The Hop-Garden
- Patrick Hore-Ruthven
- Mary Gardiner Horsford
- Libby Houston
- How to Be Drawn
- Maria Howard Weeden
- Howard at Atlanta
- Sarah Howe
- Hsinbyushin Medaw
- Hu Zhiying
- Huchoun
- George Huddesford
- Michael Derrick Hudson
- Huliya (poem)
- The Hunters of Kentucky
- Rashid Hussein
- Mikołaj Hussowczyk
- Hymn Before Sunrise
- Hymn to Intellectual Beauty
- Hymns and Spiritual Songs (book)
- Hymns for the Amusement of Children
- I Hope Like Heck
- I Shall Not Be Moved (poetry collection)
- I syng of a mayden
- D. Iacobescu
- Ibitekerezo
- List of Icelandic writers
- If We Must Die
- Īhām
- William Blake's illustrations of On the Morning of Christ's Nativity
- In Defense of Reason
- In Eutropium
- In Praise of Limestone
- Constantin Al. Ionescu-Caion
- Nicolae Iorga
- Emil Isac
- An Island in the Moon
- Mihai Iștvanovici
- George Cecil Ives
- Olga Ivinskaya
- Ada Jafri
- Marcel Janco
- Jans der Enikel
- Joan of Arc (poem)
- Johannesburg (song)
- John Keats's 1819 odes
- John Milton's poetic style
- John Milton's reception history
- Evan Jones (writer)
- Mary Jones (poet)
- Birgitta Jónsdóttir
- Raimon Jordan
- Thomas Jordan (poet)
- Jubilate Agno
- Jueju
- Conxita Julià
- Louise Julien
- Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie
- Juvenilia (poetry collection)
- Jørgensen's law
- Yaza Datu Kalaya
- Kali the Mother (poem)
- Kamban Kazhagam
- Ariake Kambara
- Kamsuan Samut
- Remi Kanazi
- Dmitry Khvostov
- Linda King
- The King's Pilgrimage
- Kishvari
- Jan Kochanowski
- John Koethe
- Maria Konopnicka
- Konrad von Altstetten
- Kordian
- Zygmunt Krasiński
- Kostas Krystallis
- Kubla Khan
- Quirinus Kuhlmann
- Kurds'komu bratovi
- Kusumamala
- Joyce La Mers
- The Lady of the Lake (poem)
- Lament for Ur
- Lament of Edward II
- Laments (Kochanowski)
- M. Travis Lane
- Last Post (poem)
- Lawrence of Durham
- Louisa Lawson
- Barbu Lăzăreanu
- Georg Christian Lehms
- Cynthia Lenige
- Li E
- Li Ye (poet)
- Liberté (poem)
- The Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley
- Lines Written at Shurton Bars
- Lines on an Autumnal Evening
- Ephraim E. Lisitzky
- Literary Pocket-Book
- Little Gidding (poem)
- Liu Rushi
- Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets
- Le livre du chemin de long estude
- Lochamer-Liederbuch
- Luis Felipe Lomelí
- London (Samuel Johnson poem)
- Lorelei Fountain
- Los (Blake)
- The Lost Leader (poem)
- The Lotos-Eaters
- Lu Zhaolin
- Luceafărul (poem)
- Lucy Gray
- The Lucy poems
- Luo Binwang
- Luvah
- Al-Ma'arri
- Alexandru Macedonski
- Sorley MacLean
- Madoc (poem)
- Madwoman (book)
- The Maid of Orleans (poem)
- Nazik Al-Malaika
- Qabaniso Malewezi
- Felip de Malla
- Itzik Manger
- Olivia Manning
- Mariana (poem)
- Egbert Martin
- Theo Marzials
- The Matthew poems
- Mazeppa (poem)
- Jenny McCudden
- Medicamina Faciei Femineae
- Meeting at Night
- Melion
- Anna Mendelssohn
- The Mental Traveller
- Lucretia Wilhelmina van Merken
- Messiah (Latin poem)
- Midas (Shelley play)
- Avram Miletić
- Miscellany
- Mississippi–1955
- Monody on the Death of Chatterton
- Mont Blanc (poem)
- Montage of a Dream Deferred
- Julia A. Moore
- George Pope Morris
- Mother to Son
- Martha Moulsworth
- Doris Mühringer
- Mujh Se Pehli Si Mohabbat Mere Mehboob Na Maang
- María Josefa Mujía
- Mulga Bill's Bicycle
- Murzynek Bambo
- My Country
- Myrthen
- Nachuk Tahate Shyama
- Chūya Nakahara
- Imadaddin Nasimi
- National Poetry Month
- Fănuș Neagu
- Charles Neaves, Lord Neaves
- Nebuchadnezzar (Blake)
- Ion Negoițescu
- Negro Poets and Their Poems
- The Negro Speaks of Rivers
- William Neville (poet)
- New Zealand Poet Laureate
- Nguyễn Đình Chiểu
- Niggers in the White House
- The Night of Enitharmon's Joy
- The Nightingale: A Conversation Poem
- Niu Yingzhen
- Mehmet Niyazi
- Cyprian Norwid
- Not Waving but Drowning
- Wilfrid Noyce
- Nuyorican Poets Café
- Nyanyi Sunyi
- The Nymphs (poem)
- O Armatolos
- O Captain! My Captain!
- Daniel O'Connell (journalist)
- Ode: Intimations of Immortality
- Ode to a Nightingale
- Ode on Melancholy
- Ode on the Departing Year
- Ode to Psyche
- Ode to Youth
- Odyssey
- Oenone (poem)
- Oh Pray My Wings Are Gonna Fit Me Well
- The Old French Tristan Poems
- Magnus Olsen
- Olympian 1
- On Quitting School
- On Receiving an Account
- On the Morning of Christ's Nativity
- On being asked for a War Poem
- On the Pulse of Morning
- On the Receipt of My Mother's Picture
- Orc (Blake)
- Władysław Orkan
- Arthur O'Shaughnessy
- Ida Ospelt-Amann
- Out of All the Masts
- Ovi (poetry)
- Ovid in the Third Reich
- Padamu Jua
- The Paddock and the Mouse
- Pain: Composed in Sickness
- The Palace of Pleasure (poem)
- Palinode
- The Parables of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ
- Larin Paraske
- The Pardoner's Tale
- Pasquinade
- The Passion (Milton)
- Augusta Peaux
- Samuel Minturn Peck
- Theodora Agnes Peck
- Peirol
- Anne Penny
- Il Penseroso
- Jackie Hill Perry
- Kishen Pershad
- Personification
- Ștefan Petică
- Maria Petrovykh
- Hannes Pétursson
- Picasso's written works
- Pierrot lunaire (book)
- Maya Pindyck
- Edward Coote Pinkney
- Arshi Pipa
- Charlotte Pistorius
- Pity (William Blake)
- Henry Poe
- The Poem Tree
- Poema Morale
- Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne
- Poems and Songs of Middle Earth
- Poet Laureate of New Jersey
- Poet Laureate of Washington
- Poetic diction
- Poetry of Maya Angelou
- The Poets and Poetry of America
- Vasile Pogor
- Politics (poem)
- Yakov Polonsky
- Poor Dionis
- N. Porsenna
- Christian Heinrich Postel
- A Prayer for My Daughter
- Laurent de Premierfait
- The Present Crisis
- Dmitri Prigov
- Prince of Poets
- The Princess Saves Herself in This One
- Prise d'Orange
- Prometheus (1998 film)
- Prussian Nights
- Ilie Purcaru
- The Queen of Hearts (poem)
- Pere de Queralt
- Thomas Ragle
- Dimitrie Ralet
- Works of Rambhadracharya
- Rambhadracharya's literary style
- Korrie Layun Rampan
- Reel (poetry collection)
- Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement
- Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum
- Reginald of Canterbury
- Christa Reinig
- Eugen Relgis
- Religious Musings
- The Mysteries: Renaissance Choros
- Rhymed prose
- Charlotte Caroline Richardson
- Richmond Park
- William Nauns Ricks
- James Whitcomb Riley
- Pearl Rivers
- Alexandru Robot
- Roderick the Last of the Goths
- Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara
- Gerson Rosenzweig
- Annie Rothwell
- Round of Applause (Lecrae song)
- Nahapet Rusinian
- Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer
- Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan
- Profira Sadoveanu
- Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari
- Salma (writer)
- Salut d'amor
- Kazim al-Samawi
- Halvor J. Sandsdalen
- Francesco Antonio Santori
- Iman Budhi Santosa
- Sappho
- Epes Sargent (poet)
- Tayseer Sboul
- Anton Schnack
- Lynda Schraufnagel
- Christian Schreiber (philosopher)
- Bill Scott (author)
- Sechs Lieder, Op. 59 (Mendelssohn)
- Second circle of hell
- Serenade (poetry collection)
- Seyrani Monument
- Shaker, Why Don't You Sing?
- Shav Vahini Ganga
- She dwelt among the untrodden ways
- She'r-e Nimaa'i
- Niall Sheridan
- Stepan Shevyryov
- Badr Shirvani
- Falaki Shirvani
- Farouk Shousha
- Sijo
- Sintax the Terrific
- Sir Galahad (poem)
- Lovro Šitović
- Sivion
- Per Sivle
- Juliusz Słowacki
- A slumber did my spirit seal
- Christopher Smart
- Charlotte Smith (writer)
- Lewis Worthington Smith
- Snow-Bound
- So God Made a Farmer
- A Song for Simeon
- The Song of Los
- A Song to David
- Songs and Flowers of the Wasatch
- Songs of Muad'Dib
- Songs of the Pixies
- Sonnets on Eminent Characters
- Soup the Chemist
- Sozusagen grundlos vergnügt
- Spectre (Blake)
- St. Simeon Stylites (poem)
- Statue of Robert Burns (Milwaukee)
- Dimitrie Stelaru
- C. J. Stevens
- Petre Stoica
- The Story of Rimini
- Patience Strong
- Jacquie Sturm
- Margareta Suber
- Sukhakarta Dukhaharta
- Sara Copia Sullam
- Sekou Sundiata
- A Supermarket in California
- Ale Ahmad Suroor
- Alan Swallow
- Syair Siti Zubaidah Perang Cina
- Symeon of Polotsk
- Sympathy (poem)
- Kyoshi Takahama
- Take Up Thy Cross, The Saviour Said
- Mustafa Wahbi Tal
- Tamar (poem)
- Tears, Idle Tears
- Păstorel Teodoreanu
- Francisco de Terrazas
- Testament mój
- Thalaba the Destroyer
- Tharmas
- On the Death of Mr. Crashaw
- The Sleepers (poem)
- Thebaid (Latin poem)
- There is a green hill far away
- Third circle of hell
- This Dust Was Once the Man
- This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison
- D. M. Thomas
- Three Bards
- Edwin Thumboo
- Tiandi yinyang jiaohuan dalefu
- Chidiock Tichborne
- Francis Orray Ticknor
- Timurnama
- Ștefan Tita
- Tithonus poem
- To Autumn
- To Bowles
- To Burke
- To Erskine
- To Fayette
- To Fortune
- To Godwin
- To Kosciusko
- To Lord Stanhope
- To Mrs Siddons
- To Pitt
- To Priestley
- To Sheridan
- To Southey
- To a Young Ass
- To the Fourth of July
- To the River Otter
- Constant Tonegaru
- Tornada (Occitan literary term)
- The Treatise (Walter of Bibbesworth)
- Sandu Tudor
- Martin Farquhar Tupper
- Ibrahim Tuqan
- Gabriel Turville-Petre
- Iase Tushi
- Two Lovers and a Beachcomber by the Real Sea
- Tyolet
- Universes (theatre ensemble)
- The Unsex'd Females
- Upon the Circumcision
- Urizen
- Urmuz
- Urthona
- Uta-awase
- Vala (Blake)
- Vala, or The Four Zoas
- Valerik (poem)
- The Vanity of Human Wishes
- Mary Custis Vezey
- Vi vil oss et land
- José García Villa
- The Village Blacksmith
- Villanelle
- Triztán Vindtorn
- The Virgin's Cradle Hymn
- The Vision of Dorotheus
- A Vision of the Last Judgement
- Visionary Heads
- I. C. Vissarion
- Von guten Mächten
- Voyage of the Sable Venus and Other Poems
- David Wagoner
- Wall poems in Leiden
- Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln
- Elizabeth Rebecca Ward
- Hans Warren
- The Waste Land
- We Are Seven
- We Wear the Mask
- Whitey on the Moon
- William of Blois (poet)
- Anna Williams (poet)
- Jane Williams
- Forceythe Willson
- Yolanda Wisher
- Tibor Wlassics
- The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides
- Early life of William Wordsworth
- Edward Alexander Wyon
- Yang Jiong
- Yevgeny Yevtushenko
- Yusuf Meddah
- Sajida Zaidi
- Zahida Zaidi
- Zhang Jiuling
- Zhang Ruoxu
- Zhao Luanluan
- Zuhayr ibn Janab
- Katka Zupančič
- Rajzel Żychlińsky
Featured portals
[edit]Good article nominees
[edit]Former featured articles
[edit]- Alliterative verse
- American poetry
- Mário de Andrade
- Anna Laetitia Barbauld
- Samuel Beckett
- Cædmon
- The Cantos
- Duino Elegies
- English poetry
- Hrafnkels saga
- Muhammad Iqbal
- Irish poetry
- Rudyard Kipling
- Krazy Kat
- Modernist poetry in English
- Kazi Nazrul Islam
- Objectivism (poetry)
- Poetry
- A Song for Simeon
- Rabindranath Tagore
Former featured lists
[edit]Former good articles
[edit]Developing articles: Suggestions, policies, guidelines
[edit]Notability
[edit]- All articles on poets, poetry and topics related to poetry must meet the general notability guidelines.
- The merits for inclusion of biographical articles on poets ought to be considered against the minimum criteria for biographies WP:ANYBIO and the notability guidelines for creative professionals (known as WP:AUTHOR or WP:CREATIVE); or if the poet is an academic, the notability guideline for academics measured by their academic achievements (known as WP:ACADEMIC). Articles on people who do not meet these criteria can be proposed for deletion. Articles on poets and other persons who are still living must comply with the policies regarding biographies of living persons (WP:BLP).
- Articles on poetic movements or groups must be the subject of multiple, non-trivial published works appearing in sources that are independent of the book itself, in considering the criteria of WP:AUTHOR and the very similar application toward bands and musicians, WP:BAND or WP:MUSBIO.
- Articles on books—be it poetry collections, anthologies, chapbooks, pamphlets, or works of literary scholarship or criticism need to be eligible for inclusion under Wikipedia:Notability (books), with special attention to the criteria listed at WP:BKCRIT.
- Articles on individual poems should be considered as we consider articles on individual songs or albums, per WP:NSONGS, in that they must be the subject of multiple, non-trivial published works appearing in sources that are independent of the book itself.
- If an individual poem does not meet similar notability standards, it is generally advisable to discuss any material on that individual poem in an article on the collection it was from, or at the biography article for the poet. Per the notability guideline for derivative articles, WP:BKD, "it is a general consensus on Wikipedia that articles on books should not be split and split again into ever more minutiae of detail treatment, with each split normally lowering the level of notability." This would be applicable to articles on less-than-notable individual poems—despite however beautiful or meaningful the poem may be.
- Many poetry prizes, poetry journals, literary magazines are often not notable. If a prize, journal, or magazine is to be considered notable, like other topics, must be the subject of multiple, non-trivial published works appearing in sources that are independent of the prize, journal, or magazine.
Article naming and title formatting
[edit]Unfortunately, Wikipedia's Manual of Style and its Naming Conventions are often in conflict or inconsistent when it comes to the naming of articles on creative works. For more information about titling articles, see: Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Article titles, Wikipedia:Article titles, Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Titles of works, Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters#Composition titles.
- Generally, article titles are based on what the subject is called in reliable sources. When this offers multiple possibilities, editors choose among them by considering several principles: the ideal article title resembles titles for similar articles, precisely identifies the subject, and is short, natural, and recognizable.
- In foreign names, the choice between anglicized and local spellings should follow English-language usage—settling on the usage that predominates in English language reliable sources (per WP:UE).
- If a poem, lyric or composition has a title, it is usually formatted in title case. If it is an untitled work and that poem, lyric, or composition uses the first line of text as its title, the title should be formatted in sentence case.
- If an article title is the name of a book or long poem, the title should be presented in italic text. In order to italicize the name of an article, add {{Italic title}} at the top of the article. Mentions of the poem title throughout the article should be italicized. See WP:ITALICTITLE, MOS:ITALIC.
- If an article is about a short poem or lyric, italicization is not necessary, and the title of the poem should be placed in quotation marks. Do not add quotation marks in the name of the article.
- The distinction between a short poem and a long poem is never well-defined and an editor is advised to exercise judgment. The Chicago Manual of Style (8.179) advises to place poem titles in quotation marks except for "very long poems" that could be book length which should be italicized. A good suggestion is that a poem of 80 lines or less can be considered a short poem; and poems greater than 80 to 100 lines, a long poem.
- Example (short poems): Robert Frost's "After Apple Picking" (42 lines)
- Example (long poems): Walt Whitman's When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd (206 lines)
Use of infoboxes
[edit]- WikiProject Poetry does not require or prohibit the use of infoboxes. Per WP:INFOBOXUSE: The use of infoboxes is neither required nor prohibited for any article. Whether to include an infobox, which infobox to include, and which parts of the infobox to use, is determined through discussion and consensus among the editors at each individual article.
- Articles with an existing infobox that was put in by consensus, or by the article's major contributors, or (on articles that don't get much editing attention) has been in place for a while, usually ought to stay in place.
- We discourage bickering on questions of whether to use infoboxes since it leads to unnecessary edit wars and bitterness. When discussing the issue to reach a consensus, focus on the article's content improvement needs—and what best conveys that content. Neither a position of "I don't like infoboxes, period", nor one of "every article needs an infobox" is a valid rationale. The needs of properly conveying content in the article are what matter.
- Useful infoboxes for our project's articles: Template:Infobox writer, Template:Infobox poem, Template:Infobox book, Template:Infobox hymnal, Template:Infobox publisher, Template:Infobox journal, Template:Infobox award,
Citing and sourcing information
[edit]- All articles must comply with the expectations of Wikipedia's policies and guidelines on citing sources, reliable sources, and verifiability.
- While Wikipedia does not favour any particular citation style over another, scholarly writings on topics relating to literature and the humanities typically employ the MLA or Chicago citation styles, as exemplified in the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing and the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, both official publications of the Modern Language Association (MLA); or the Chicago Manual of Style as published by the University of Chicago Press.
- The use of "Harvard Style" parenthetical citations within the article text is strongly discouraged as it reduces the readability of an article and compromises the flow of the prose.
- It is not appropriate to provide analysis or interpretation of a poem that is not supported by reliable sources. Any analysis and interpretation ought to be supported by appropriate citations to relevant books, journal articles and other scholarship from established literary scholars, critics, and historians. Anything that is not appropriately sourced may be construed as original research and removed.
- Per WP:CITEVAR, "Editors should not attempt to change an article's established citation style merely on the grounds of personal preference, to make it match other articles, or without first seeking consensus for the change." We usually defer to an article's first major contributor regarding the choice of citation style, or to the format already in use at an article. This means that an article using <ref> tags or citation templates continues to use that style, unless a consensus is established to change it. If an article's citation format is inappropriate for the article, incomplete, or inconsistently used, raise the question of converting the citation style on the article's talk page and wait at least one week to allow other contributors to comment on the proposal. It is an expected courtesy to contact any major contributors to an article for their comments on the matter.
Quoting from poems and copyright issues
[edit]- Do not quote poems at length or in their entirety if the poem is still under the protection of copyright. The only exception to this is the brief quotation (only a few lines) of a copyrighted text, under fair use doctrine, if it is analyzed or used to illustrate a point, establish context, or attribute a point of view or idea. Any quotation of copyrighted text must be attributed through an appropriate citation. Any text that is copyrighted and inappropriately used may be removed immediately.
- Quoting a poem at length or in its entirety is only permissible if and only if (a) if the material is in the public domain or copyright has otherwise expired; or (b) permission has been given by the copyright owner.
- For more information, see Wikipedia's policy on non-free content and the guideline for quoting song lyrics and poetry. If you have any questions, ask. If you are in doubt as to the copyright status of a work, ask.
Style for quoting from poems
[edit]- Do not italicize quoted text.
- All quotations should be cited, either with an appropriate reference tab or citation template, or with a simple parenthetical, like "(lines 31–35)" at the end of the quoted text.
- For discussion of how to format or present scansion, the rhythmic and metrical analysis of verse, see the section on Scansion below.
- If you are quoting only one line of poetry, treat it like any other short quotation.
- If you choose to quote two or three lines of poetry, most style guides advise to quote them within the structure of a sentence by separating the lines by the insertion of a forward slash. While some writers prefer to set off two-line quotations as a block quotation for emphasis, it is not advisable for Wikipedia.
- Example: "Eliot began his poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock with an unexpected simile: "Let us go then, you and I / When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table".
- If you are quoting four or more lines of poetry, most style guides advise to indent the poem as one would a block quotation. Wikipedia has several formatting methods for block quotations (see Wikipedia:Quotations), including the
{{Quote}}
and{{Quotation}}
templates, or the HTML element for blockquotes, which ought to be used with the element for poems within the blockquoted passage. See also the template{{Poem}}
.- Example of the blockquote HTML elements use, quoting T. S. Eliot "A Song for Simeon" (1928), lines 25–30:
<blockquote><poem>
According to thy word.
They shall praise Thee and suffer in every generation
With glory and derision,
Light upon light, mounting the saints' stair.
Not for me the martyrdom, the ecstasy of thought and prayer,
Not for me the ultimate vision.</poem></blockquote>
Style for rhyme schemes
[edit]- Articles that explain the rhyme scheme used by a type of poem or a specific poem or author, should link to the article rhyme scheme, so readers who don't know what that is can find out.
- Articles that use notation to specify a rhyme scheme (e.g. ABAB) should use the same notation as Rhyme scheme § Notation and examples so readers who have questions about the notation can learn the details.
- If the rhyme scheme being discussed in the article cannot be handled by any of the notations listed, add a new notation in a similar style to Rhyme scheme § Notation and examples, with a link back to the main article for the phenomenon (as is done for internal rhyme).
- When using mixed uppercase and lowercase, specify in the article whether capital letters represent lines repeated verbatim or if they represent masculine rhymes. (The same notation is used for two different meanings.)
- When quoting from a poem and indicating the rhyme scheme line by line, use a table to line up the letters and prevent them from wrapping in a narrow browser window. (See example at the top of rhyme scheme.)
Translations into English of non-English works
[edit]- If you are providing a translation of a poem or text, it is advisable to present the comparison between source text and translated text in two columns—the left-hand column being the source text in its original language, the right-hand column being the translation into English. A good example of its use in an article can be found in the article on Gustav Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde. Alternatively, {{Verse translation}} can be used to aid formatting. If the source text is in a language whose alphabetic writing system does not use Latin scripts (i.e. Arabic, Sanskrit, Greek, Chinese, etc.), use three columns if possible: The left=hand column displaying the source text in its original, non-Latin characters; the center column offering the source text in an established system of transliteration or script conversion into Latin letters, and the right-hand column offering a translation in English. If you do not know how to use columns, ask another Wikipedian for help on this WikiProject's talk page.
- It is preferred that if a translation is necessary in an article on a poem or lyrical text that an editor use a verbatim or literal translation of the source text. Many translations, especially those created before the twentieth century, are not accurate because the focus of many translations is constrained by rhyme and meter or artistic license is taken by the "translator". Earlier translators either did not give priority to accurately translating the text, or their work does not accurately represent the source text.
- We can use a translation of a poem only if the translation is (a) in the public domain, (b) its copyright has expired, or (c) permission is granted to use said translation by the copyright owner. Do not use a translation of a poem that is currently under copyright. Any texts, including translations, that are under copyright must be removed per Wikipedia:Non-free content and Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry#License considerations
- If you are analyzing a brief excerpt or section of a poem, you may use a brief excerpt of a translation currently under copyright under a fair use rationale provided that (1) the quoted is brief (i.e., no more than a few lines) and (2) full credit to the translator is given through compliance with policies on citing sources. Lengthy excerpts do not qualify for fair use.
- If there are no free alternatives available, a user who is knowledgeable about the foreign language of the poem and confident in translating the text is encouraged to provide their own literal translation or a close-to-literal poetic translation. A basic verbatim translation does not violate the policies on original research (WP:OR) or synthesis (WP:SYNTH), and Wikipedia's policies and guidelines encourage users to provide accurate translations, see: WP:SYNNOT and WP:NOTOR#Translation and contextualizing.
- If you do choose to provide a translation of a poem for an article, please consider asking another user to check your work. Either ask another Wikipedian directly or place a message on this WikiProject's talk page.
- If you are not proficient in a foreign language, do not translate the poem. Do not use a translation from Google, Babelfish, or any other online translation service. Please contact another Wikipedian who advertises their ability in the relevant language and ask if they could provide a translation, or request a translation on this WikiProject's talk page.
External links to material under copyright
[edit]- If you find the text of a poem or a translation of a poem elsewhere on the internet it can be used in an article or provided as an external link if and only if (a) if the material is in the public domain or copyright has otherwise expired; or (b) permission has been given by the copyright owner. Do not add an external link to any online source or website whose content violates the intellectual property rights of artists, poets, publishers, or other creative interests (per WP:ELNEVER)
- If a poem is currently in the public domain or copyright has otherwise expired, it should be added to Wikisource.
Other considerations
[edit]- The use of logical quotations is encouraged, irrespective of any rules associated with the variety of English in use. Therefore, "place all punctuation marks inside the quotation marks if they are part of the quoted material and outside if they are not".
Templates
[edit]What to type: | What it makes: | What it's for | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
{{WPPoetry}} |
|
The notice or template to indicate an article is part of the project. Place on talk pages. | |||||||||||||
{{Portal|Poetry}}
|
Provides a link to the Poetry portal for easy subject navigation. To be placed at the top of "see also"/"related topics" sections only. | ||||||||||||||
{{User WPPoetryMember}} |
|
Userbox for members of the project, for display on user pages. | |||||||||||||
{{User:Scepia/poetry}} |
|
Userbox for readers of poetry, not necessarily members of the project. | |||||||||||||
{{poetry-stub}} | The stub template for general poetry articles. | ||||||||||||||
{{poem-stub}} | The stub template for articles on individual poems. | ||||||||||||||
{{poet-stub}} | The stub template for articles on individual poets. |
Content expectations and article structure
[edit]National poetries
[edit]Articles devoted to national poetries should be chronological in structure, beginning with the earliest known poetry from that country in question. The article should cover the principal periods and give brief information on the main poets, groups and movements in each period. Some attempt should be made to indicate factors that link and/or differentiate each period. Any important influences from other poetries should also be mentioned. Where possible, external links to online primary texts and/or critical or historical discussions should be appended at the end of the article. References and pictures are required to bring the article to featured status.
Some assistance may be available through WikiProject Historical Information.
- Examples
Well-developed articles:
Other priorities:
Poetry groups or movements
[edit]Articles covering poetry groups or movements should cover the main members of the group, the stated aims or poetic and any important dates or key publications in the group's history. Other poets or groups/movements that the group being discussed were influenced by or reacting against should also be mentioned, as should the general cultural context. Where possible, external links to online primary texts and/or critical or historical discussions should be appended at the end of the article. References and pictures are required to bring the article to featured status.
- Example
Individual poets
[edit]Articles discussing individual poets should adhere to normal Wikipedia biography conventions. The poet's early influences, associations with any groups or movements, and main publications should be mentioned, along with any later poets, groups or movements they may have strongly influenced. Where possible, external links to online primary texts and/or critical or historical discussions should be appended at the end of the article. References and pictures are advised where the intention is to push the article to featured status.
- Examples
Individual poems
[edit]If the poem in question is quite short, it should be added to the article, per WP:L&P. If it is a long poem, it should be linked, either from WikiSource, or from another website. The text of poems which are not copyrighted should in general be placed in WikiSource.
An article on an individual poem, besides the poem itself, should describe the publication history of the poem, and the critical response to the poem. Other matters that could be covered include: the circumstances in which the poem was written, the structure and style of the poem, and references made in the poem.
- Examples
- The Waste Land
- Mr Bleaney
- In Memoriam A.H.H.
- The Cantos (and List of cultural references in The Cantos)
Styles, forms, techniques, lists, general topics
[edit]Include definitions, history including dates, notable poets associated and examples where appropriate. Lists should be annotated and illustrated where appropriate. Where there are red links on a list, please consider writing stubs or longer entries. References and pictures are required to bring the article to featured status.
- Examples
Poetry prizes
[edit]Scansion
[edit]Scansion is the act of analyzing and (usually) graphically representing the metrical character of a line of verse. Ideally Wikipedia will scan consistently across articles. Metrical verse is extremely diverse, especially across languages and over time, so universal consistency of scansion may not be possible or even desirable, but this advice will serve most English verse well, and may be useful for verse in other languages, too.
Binary marks
[edit]In a line of verse each syllable should be marked: ictic syllables with a slash "/", and nonictic syllables with an "x" — or preferably a multiplication sign "×". It is vital to distinguish between a metrical scansion (as is recommended here) and a rhythmic scansion (which, alone, leads to perdition). For notes on how to incorporate rhythmic notation into a valid metrical scansion, see Optional 2-line scansion below. The line of text is displayed, with a second line of scansion marks above it. Symbols are placed above the first vowel in each syllable. Both lines should begin with a space, so as to display them as monospaced characters; this allows easy WYSIWYG editing and keeps the verse text intact. The verse reference is placed on the same line as the text.
× / × / × / × / × / To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells [1]
This method of display is used in the article Scansion. For an alternate display method, see Alternate markup below.
Pipes
[edit]The existence, function, and explanatory usefulness of feet in English verse is disputed. Also, while syntactic pauses frequently occur within a line, English verse seldom includes a metrically structural caesura. Therefore it is recommended that both these features remain unmarked unless the specific line requires them. Either can be marked within the text by a pipe "|" or, if they are both marked simultaneously, by a single pipe "|" for feet and two pipes "||" for caesura. Words should not be hyphenated when they are broken up by foot markers.
× / × / × / × / × / × / × / The princely palace of the sun | stood gorgeous to behold × / × / × / × / × / × / × / On state | ly pill | ars build | ed high || of yell | ow burn | ished gold [2]
As can be seen, a cost of including foot or caesura notation is the fragmentation of the verse text.
Extrametrical syllables
[edit]Both positionally extrametrical syllables and elided syllables can be indicated with parentheses.
× / ×(×) / × /(×) × / × / (×) His acts being seven ages. | At first the infant [3]
The line above contains all 3 types of extrametrical syllables commonly found in iambic pentameter: the first (×) is elided, the second (×) is allowed by a so-called "epic caesura" — a special case in which marking a caesura in iambic pentameter can be useful — and the third (×) is a feminine ending. These distinctions are not made explicit by the scansion, so in cases like this clarification may be required in the article text.
Virtual beats
[edit]It is often (not always) conceded that certain meters (specifically the wide family of 4-ictic Ballad meters, including Fourteeners, Poulter's measure, and Limericks, among others) allow some line-final ictic positions to be experienced silently. Depending on the context, it may not be important to scan these, in which case one merely scans the syllables present in the text. But if these "virtual beats" require notation, they can be marked with "[/]" thus:
× / × / × / × / I taste a liquor never brewed, × / × / × / [/] From tankards scooped in pearl; × / × / × / × / Not all the vats upon the Rhine × / × / × / [/] Yield such an alcohol! [4]
Note the distinction between brackets here and parentheses above. This helps to emphasize how different the virtual beat is from the extrametrical syllable — the opposite, in fact. Extrametrical syllables are positions that exist in the text, but do not count in the meter; virtual beats are positions that exist in the meter, but not in the text.
(Derek Attridge (who coined the term "virtual beat") would also scan the lines above with "virtual offbeats" (e.g. "[× /]" at the end of lines 2 and 4). This is significant for his system, but is considered counterproductive for Wikipedia; especially since virtual beats frequently pop up in contexts in which one could imagine arguments over whether one was failing to hear 0, 1 or 2 virtual offbeats!)
Alternate markup
[edit]If no verse text reference, or any other markup, is required on the same lines as the scansion and text, the scansion can be better integrated within the article text by using this markup:
<pre style="border:none;background-color:transparent;margin-left:1em">
- scansion
- verse text
</pre>
This method, too, allows WYSIWYG editing of the displayed lines. It is exemplified below, and is used in the article Iambic Pentameter. Unfortunately, no method allowing both this appearance and markup (like <ref>
) is currently available.
Optional 2-line scansion
[edit]Isn't one line enough? For metrical purposes, yes. But consider these lines:
- When Ajax strives, some rock's vast weight to throw,
- The line too labours, and the words move slow; [5]
Many people will find it hard to stomach that not only are these lines metrically identical, but that they are also completely regular:
× / × / × / × / × / When Ajax strives, some rock's vast weight to throw, × / × / × / × / × / The line too labours, and the words move slow;
What of Pope's alleged sonic reproduction — through over-weighting the line with heavy syllables — of strain and toil? What of the reader's or listener's real experience of that strain? What is scansion good for, if it doesn't show this? Well, metrical scansion is not good for that. Its purpose is to analyze the meter of the line, and this is a binary proposition: all the syllables either function as a beat (ictus) or not (nonictus), and in verse like this (as indeed in most verse) the number of ictuses per line remains stable throughout the poem. There is no way metrically to notate the "extra stresses" that the reader legitimately experiences. These are an issue of verse rhythm. And while scanning only a verse's rhythm leads almost inevitably to a metrical boondoggle, scanning a verse's meter and rhythm can be very enlightening.
2 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 1 4 × / × / × / × / × / When Ajax strives, some rock's vast weight to throw, 1 4 3 4 1 2 1 4 3 4 × / × / × / × / × / The line too labours, and the words move slow;
Here, we've added a rhythmic scansion (1 = lightest stress and 4 = heaviest stress). This closely mirrors the methods used by Otto Jespersen, James McAuley, and Timothy Steele; and serves as a useful informal approximation of the more linguistically technical scansions of Marina Tarlinskaja, Derek Attridge, and Peter L. Groves. Now we can see 1) the variety of stress interrelationships that create the distinctive stress profile of the lines, 2) how these variously stressed syllables realize ictic and nonictic positions within the iambic pentameter, and 3) how, despite the preponderance of heavy stresses, these lines relate structurally to Pope's other heroic lines.
Though relatively objective means can be used to determine fine-grained stress levels like these, they tend to be quite technical. For Wikipedia, these rhythmic scansions may best be left to the scanner's ear.
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